The conflict between the Nigerian military and Boko Haram has been ongoing since 2009, characterized by significant violence, human rights violations, and complex socio-political dynamics. Boko Haram, an Islamist militant group, has been responsible for thousands of deaths and the displacement of millions in northeastern Nigeria.

Recent Developments

1. Military Casualties: On January 26, 2025, at least 20 Nigerian soldiers were killed during an attack by suspected fighters from the Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) on a military base in Malam-Fatori, Borno State. This incident highlights the ongoing threat posed not only by Boko Haram but also by its offshoots, complicating the military's efforts to maintain security in the region[2].
2. Civilian Joint Task Force: The Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF) has played a crucial role in supporting the Nigerian military against Boko Haram. This local militia has been instrumental in intelligence gathering and combat operations, contributing to the recovery of territories previously held by Boko Haram[3]. Their collaboration with the military has evolved over more than a decade, earning them recognition for their efforts in combating insurgency.
3. Human Rights Concerns: Reports from organizations such as Amnesty International have raised serious concerns regarding human rights violations committed by the Nigerian military. These include allegations of arbitrary detentions, torture, and inhumane treatment of individuals associated with Boko Haram, particularly women and girls who have survived captivity[4]. The military has denied these allegations, asserting that they operate within international laws[4].

Challenges Faced by the Nigerian Military

The Nigerian military faces several challenges in effectively combating Boko Haram:

• Morale and Equipment: Issues related to troop morale and inadequate military equipment have been highlighted as significant factors hindering effective operations against Boko Haram[5].
• Intelligence Issues: There are also concerns about intelligence leaks and the relationships between military personnel and local militias like the CJTF, which can complicate operational effectiveness[5].
• Political Dynamics: Some soldiers express suspicions about potential political connections between Boko Haram and elements within Nigeria's government, suggesting a deeper conspiracy that undermines military efforts[5].

Conclusion

The conflict between the Nigerian military and Boko Haram continues to evolve, marked by military engagements, local militia support, and ongoing human rights concerns. The complexity of this situation requires not only a robust military response but also a commitment to addressing humanitarian issues and fostering stability in northeastern Nigeria.

Citations:
[1] https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/02/nigeria-military-razes-villages-as-boko-haram-attacks-escalate/
[2] https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/1/26/at-least-20-nigerian-soldiers-killed-in-attack-on-remote-army-base
[3] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xiq_jTH7CAg
[4] https://www.voanews.com/a/nigerian-military-denies-maltreatment-of-boko-haram-survivors/7651966.html
[5] https://academic.oup.com/afraf/article/120/479/147/6199257?login=false
[6] https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2019/05/stabilizing-northeast-nigeria-after-boko-haram?lang=en&center=global
[7] https://www.nationalguard.mil/News/Article-View/Article/576010/california-guard-special-forces-helping-train-nigerian-army-to-counter-boko-har/
[8] https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/nigeria-military-abortions/

Keywords: nigerian military vs boko haram, nigerian military, boko haram, conflict, insurgency, northeast nigeria, military operations, human rights violations, civilian joint task force, security challenges, terrorism, iswap, troop morale, political dynamics, humanitarian issues, intelligence gathering